Refine Search
Sort by
$530,000
3 Beds 2 Baths 6988326 MLS 1,833 SqFt.
Distinctive LARGE Light & Bright 3 Bedroom TH ... Separate DINING RM (Seller will convert to 3rd Bdrm depending on offer) w/Private Patio ... NEW Paint, WOOD Flooring, Refrigerator, W/D, & Hot Water Tank ... SINGLE LEVEL/No Stairs, close proximity to Clubhouse ... Tucked away amongst 40+ Acres of Mature Landscaping & Green GRASS ... 24/Hr. Gated RESORT Community with Country Club AMENITIES - Private RESTAURANT, Lounge/Bar, Beauty/Barber Salon, MASSAGE Therapist, LARGE Year Rd HEATED POOL, Spa, Sauna, Fitness Room, & ACTIVITIES .... Short Distance to Scottsdale's Fashion Sq. Mall and OLD TOWN's Art, Entertainment, and Restaurants ... Please be advised this is a Land Lease Community with a monthly HOA and Land Lease pmt ... To see the potential of this unit some photos are virtually staged.

4800 N 68th Street Unit 217, Scottsdale

$629,000
2 Beds 2 Baths 6985125 MLS 1,307 SqFt.
*MOTIVATED SELLER*Wake up to breathtaking sunrises from the private patio of this luxurious 5th-floor residence at The Mark, one of Old Town Scottsdale's most prestigious luxury condominium communities. Perfectly positioned in the heart of the Historic Old Town Scottsdale Arts District, this exceptional home offers the ultimate blend of sophistication, comfort, and an unparalleled walkable lifestyle. Beautifully remodeled, this elegant 2 Bedroom & 2 Bath residence showcases timeless finishes and thoughtful upgrades throughout. The gourmet kitchen was partially remodeled in 2021 and features upgraded cabinetry, stunning white granite countertops, a walk-in pantry, and premium stainless steel appliances, including a Viking gas range and GE Monogram refrigerator. Perfect for entertaining or preparing intimate meals at home. Designed with luxury in mind, the residence also features two beautifully updated spa-inspired bathrooms, travertine and luxury vinyl plank flooring, designer lighting, all-new ceiling fans, and a beautifully tiled private patio, creating an inviting retreat you'll love coming home to. Step outside your door and immerse yourself in the vibrant Scottsdale lifestyle with world-class restaurants, boutique shopping, renowned art galleries, entertainment, and nightlife just moments away. By day, enjoy panoramic views stretching to the Superstition Mountains and Four Peaks, and by night, experience the sparkling lights of the Scottsdale skyline from the comfort of your own home. Residents of The Mark enjoy an extraordinary collection of luxury amenities, including daily concierge service, state-of-the-art building security, a secure underground parking garage with two reserved parking spaces, and a spectacular rooftop oasis featuring a heated pool, spa, and outdoor BBQ area. The rooftop was completely remodeled in 2024, creating one of the most impressive rooftop retreats in Old Town Scottsdale. Ownership also includes exclusive access to the iconic Hotel Valley Ho amenities, including room service, a 20% discount at the acclaimed ZUZU Restaurant, the Valley Ho Spa, and hotel accommodations--offering a true resort-style living experience. The comprehensive HOA fee provides exceptional value by covering air conditioning and heating, electricity, water, internet, cable television, 24-hour security, concierge services, the lobby coffee bar, fitness center, building pest control, and all rooftop amenities. Experience true lock-and-leave luxury in one of Scottsdale's most iconic addresses--where exceptional amenities, breathtaking views, and an unmatched location combine to create the ultimate Arizona lifestyle.

6803 E Main Street Unit 5508, Scottsdale

$674,900
5 Beds 3 Baths 6984374 MLS 1,734 SqFt.
Welcome to your fully renovated Scottsdale retreat! Perfectly positioned just minutes from Old Town Scottsdale, ASU, Tempe Town Lake, premier dining, shopping, golf, and entertainment, this move-in-ready home offers the ideal blend of comfort, style, and convenience. Inside, you'll find a bright, open-concept floor plan featuring 5 bedrooms and 3 full bathrooms, providing flexibility for families, guests, a home office, or multi-generational living. The thoughtfully updated interior showcases modern finishes, abundant natural light, and a seamless flow designed for everyday living and entertaining. Step outside to your private backyard oasis and enjoy Arizona's beautiful year round weather. Don't miss this rare opportunity to own a turnkey Scottsdale property close to everything!

925 N 79th Street, Scottsdale

$535,000
2 Beds 2 Baths 6977181 MLS 1,578 SqFt.
Hurry to see this charming, well-maintained property in the highly sought-after retirement community (age 55+) and historic destination of Villa Monterey. This upgraded home is bright and inviting, featuring north-south exposure, soft-toned two-tone paint, skylights, and plenty of natural light. One of the most popular floor plans includes two spacious bedrooms, two bathrooms, a large living room, a formal dining area, and a two-car, covered parking area. Both the primary suite and the kitchen feature bay windows. The kitchen is equipped with updated appliances, quartz countertops, a tile backsplash, a wine refrigerator, and a wonderful kitchen eat-in area. The refrigerator, washer, and dryer are included with the home. Numerous updates have been made throughout the property, including renovations to both bathrooms, base molding, shutters, beautiful flooring, a patio glass slider, ceiling fans, and more. The easy-maintenance front and backyard landscaping is immaculate and features a relaxing north-facing covered patio. Located in a desirable area of Scottsdale, this home is conveniently near Old Town Scottsdale, spring training baseball, the Scottsdale Fashion Mall, freeways, parks, golf courses, bike paths, restaurants, and Talking Stick Casino.

7636 E Pasadena Avenue, Scottsdale

$590,000
2 Beds 2 Baths 6976814 MLS 1,928 SqFt.
Located in the well established Hacienda del Rey community, this well maintained 2 bedroom PLUS UPSTAIRS LOFT, 2 bath home. The layout features defined living and dining areas designed for practical everyday living. The kitchen includes a HUGE WALK IN PANTRY, generous cabinetry, and counter space. A SEPARATE LAUNDRY AREA paired with a DEDICATED ELECTRONICS ROOM provides organized space for systems and storage. Upstairs, the loft features a sloped ceiling and offers flexible use as a HOME OFFICE, STUDY AREA, or BONUS SPACE. FULLY PAID OFF SOLAR provides energy efficiency and long term savings. The primary suite includes a private bathroom and a LARGE WALK IN CLOSET, while the secondary bedroom is ideal for guests or daily living. Hacienda del Rey is a TIGHT KNIT COMMUNITY where homes RARELY LAST MORE THAN DAYS OR A COUPLE OF WEEKS once available. Ideally located near Old Town Scottsdale, SkySong, dining, shopping, parks, golf, and easy freeway access. OPPORTUNITIES IN THIS COMMUNITY ARE LIMITED AND DO NOT COME UP OFTEN.

7944 E Granada Road, Scottsdale

$675,000
5 Beds 6 Baths 6976255 MLS 5,505 SqFt.
New co-ownership opportunity: Own one-eighth of this professionally managed, turnkey home by Pacaso. Inspired by the natural textures and design aesthetic of Tulum on Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula, this Scottsdale home blends organic materials with clean, modern finishes. Thoughtful details include a wood entry gate, limestone accents, stone vanities, and a fountain feature. The great room features 17-foot wood ceilings, a two-sided fireplace, and distinct living areas. Floor-to-ceiling corner windows provide abundant natural light and open directly to the backyard pool area. Outdoor amenities include a gas fire pit, lawn space, built-in BBQ, dining area, and mountain views. The kitchen includes two islands, open wood shelving, limestone finishes, and Sub-Zero and Wolf appliances. An adjacent dining area opens to a stone patio and fountain. Additional living spaces include an open den and a flexible room with a floor-to-ceiling glass corner slider. Five bedrooms each offer en suite bathrooms. The primary suite includes a fireplace, direct outdoor access, a walk-in closet, and a bathroom with dual sinks, a soaking tub, and a walk-in shower. Set on approximately one acre, the property is located about 15 minutes from Old Town Scottsdale and Fashion Square and 20 minutes from hiking at Camelback Mountain. The home is offered fully furnished and professionally designed.

8307 E Gary Road, Scottsdale

$570,000
2 Beds 2 Baths 6974161 MLS 1,594 SqFt.
Spanish-style charm, steps from Old Town Scottsdale! This move-in ready townhome offers the ultimate lock-and-leave lifestyle, minutes from the Greenbelt, Old Town Scottsdale and Scottsdale Waterfront, and surrounded by top golf courses like The Phoenician and McCormick Ranch. Less than 2 miles to Fashion Square and 10 minutes to Talking Stick Resort, with easy freeway access anywhere in the Valley. Inside, cathedral ceilings and skylights fill the open floor plan with natural light, while the natural stone beehive fireplace invites you to cozy up in comfort. The spacious kitchen, generously sized bedrooms, and spa-like primary ensuite make this home as functional as it is beautiful. A rare find with true character, and an unbeatable location without the resort price tag The kitchen is as functional as it is stylish, with stainless steel appliances, a layout built for entertaining, and a versatile laundry room and walk-in pantry tucked conveniently alongside. Both bedrooms are generously sized, and the primary suite is a true retreat, complete with a walk-in closet, dual vanity, and a stunning atrium shower that turns every morning into a small escape.The second bathroom is easily accessible to main living area, while also able to be utilized as a dual primary en-suite. Outside, a covered patio and no-maintenance yard mean more time enjoying Scottsdale's sunshine and less time on upkeep -- the definition of lock-and-leave living. Move-in ready, beautifully updated, and perfectly positioned for anyone who loves a cozy home and an active lifestyle! Come see it. Fall in love. Never want to leave.

7631 E Medlock Drive, Scottsdale

$600,000
1 Beds 1 Baths 6973588 MLS 764 SqFt.
Contemporary luxury living at 7120 Kierland featuring iconic AZ sunset exposure and rare privacy w/ no direct building obstruction. Thoughtfully designed w/ clean lines and designer finishes, it delivers an elevated lock-and-leave lifestyle. Enjoy endless resort-style community amenities including rooftop pool and spa w/ cabanas, cold plunge, yoga room, fitness center, sauna/steam rooms, sport courts/game room, coffee bar, BBQs, firepits, business center, lounge areas, secure parking, and Directv Streaming--all just steps from Kierland and Scottsdale Quarter's premier dining, shopping, and entertainment. Ideal primary, seasonal, or investment opportunity in a highly sought-after Scottsdale location.

7120 E Kierland Boulevard Unit 314, Scottsdale

$598,500
3 Beds 3 Baths 6973509 MLS 1,521 SqFt.
This is an incredible opportunity to own one of the few First Level entry, Fully Furnished, 3-bed, 2.5-bath homes with a 2-car attached Extended Garage in the highly sought-after Venu at Grayhawk Community. This home welcomes you with a freshly painted Kitchen & LivingRoom. Loaded with upgrades, including AC- 9/2021, NEWER Windows- 7/2024 , 1-Year NEW Roof, addl interior storage, private patio and designer finishes throughout. Enjoy an elevated Scottsdale lifestyle with Resort-style amenities, 2 Sparkling Pools, Spa, Elegant Clubhouse, Fire pits, Gym & Theater. The Gourmet Kitchen showcases granite countertops, stainless steel appliances, breakfast bar and an open-concept layout perfect for entertaining. This Move-In Ready- Turnkey Home offers both luxury & convenience! Ideally situated near the community entrance, clubhouse, pool, and amenities! Located just minutes from Grayhawk Golf courses, Dining, Shopping, Hiking, and freeway access! This is Scottsdale Living!

19777 N 76th Street Unit 1106, Scottsdale

$650,000
2 Beds 2 Baths 6970868 MLS 1,537 SqFt.
Discover an absolutely charming garden oasis patio home in the prestigious gated Scottsdale Ranch community, offering the perfect blend of comfort and refined living, complete with a private pool! Ideally situated within walking distance to the heated community pool and spa, and just half a mile from the Senior Center, Scottsdale Ranch Park, and Tennis Center, this residence enjoys both convenience and an exceptional lifestyle. From the moment you arrive, the home impresses with its beautiful curb appeal and serene courtyard entry and fresh exterior paint in June 2026. Thoughtfully updated, the interior features new interior paint (2026), wood like tile flooring (2018), and berber carpeting (2026). The well designed split floor plan is enhanced by soaring ceilings & abundant natural light, creating an open and inviting atmosphere. The spacious living and formal dining areas are ideal for entertaining, showcasing a cozy fireplace, wet bar, and expansive sliding glass doors that seamlessly connect to the covered patio and private pool for effortless indoor outdoor living. The kitchen is both stylish and functional, featuring granite countertops, refinished white cabinetry, and a conveniently located laundry area. The primary suite serves as a tranquil retreat, highlighted by its own fireplace and private access to the pool. The luxurious ensuite bath offers dual vanities, a soaking tub, separate shower, and a generous walk-in closet. The property is further enhanced by backing to a lush, park like grass area and community pool and spa so no neighbors directly behind. New roof and skylights installed 2026. HVAC replaced February 2023, and water heater was replaced Nov 2023. Additional features include plantation shutters, a security system, garage cabinetry, smart water conditioning system, and washer and dryer. HOA maintains the front yard landscaping for effortless living. This exceptional residence offers a rare opportunity to enjoy elegant, low-maintenance living in one of Scottsdale's most desirable communities.

9481 N 105th Place, Scottsdale

$674,000
4 Beds 2 Baths 6967479 MLS 1,560 SqFt.
$432/ft FULLY REMODELED $200,000 in high-quality upgrades. This home offers a rare combination of modern efficiency, designer finishes, and peace of mind through extensive system updates. Inside, the home showcases fresh interior paint throughout creating a clean, cohesive look. The renovation continues with new doors throughout, updated lighting features such as ceiling fans and stylish fixtures, along with smart light switches for enhanced convenience and modern living, and new smoke detectors for added safety. Both bathrooms and the kitchen have been elevated with all-new tile, including shower surrounds, vanity walls, and a contemporary kitchen backsplash. Updated faucets, sinks, shower trim, and newly installed plumbing lines enhance. both form and function. The kitchen is fully equipped with brand-new appliances, including a range, dishwasher, and Sharp microwave, complemented by a newly installed reverse osmosis system. Dryer is included. Major mechanical and infrastructure improvements include updated HVAC ductwork, new exhaust fans in the bathrooms, a kitchen hood, new underground sewer connection with cleanout, and upgraded insulation for improved efficiency. Step outside to enjoy fresh exterior paint and significant energy upgrades, including Tesla charging station with 50-60 amp service and added security flood lighting. Additional improvements include new glass and re-glazing in bathrooms and a termite treatment and preventative application around the exterior. This extensively updated Scottsdale home offers modern comfort, energy efficiency, and long-term value an outstanding opportunity in a prime location without HOA restrictions.

8544 E Keim Drive, Scottsdale

$600,000
3 Beds 2 Baths 6967460 MLS 1,863 SqFt.
Discover effortless luxury and exceptional convenience with this ground-floor, lock-and-leave gem located in the coveted Village at Grayhawk. Designed for flexible, low-maintenance living, this 2-bedroom + den floor plan offers the perfect balance of everyday function and private retreat. The open-concept kitchen flows seamlessly into the spacious living and dining areas, highlighted by custom built-ins, a cozy gas fireplace, and abundant natural light overlooking a desert wash - ideal for both relaxed living and entertaining. Generous storage features oversized closets, an 8x8 private storage room, and an attached two-car garage with built-in cabinetry with epoxy flooring. Enjoy a beautifully maintained community: three resort-style pools and relaxing spas and two fully equipped fitness centers. Perfectly situated in North Scottsdale, this home offers quick access to the Loop 101, Grayhawk Golf Club, DC Ranch, Market Street, Kierland, Pinnacle Peak and over 100 miles of scenic trails. Whether you're a seasonal resident or looking for a low maintenance easy-living home, this residence delivers Arizona living at its finest-sophisticated, private and effortlessly comfortable.

19700 N 76th Street Unit 1064, Scottsdale

$699,000
1 Beds 1 Baths 6964224 MLS 966 SqFt.
Now Selling: Optima McDowell Mountain, a new luxury condo community in North Scottsdale delivering Spring/Summer 2027. This 22-acre development offers 75% open space, six 8-story buildings, and a 10-acre central landscaped park with walking path and a putting green. One-, two- and three-bedroom homes range from ~729 to 2,218 SF. Interiors feature floor-to-ceiling windows, designer kitchens with JennAir or Wolf/Sub-Zero appliances, and private terraces, lush vertical gardens. Amenities include a rooftop pool, spa & cold plunge, rooftop track, fitness center, yoga & Pilates studios, pickleball, golf simulator, party room, pet spa, and more. Walk to Whole Foods, Buck & Rider, and restaurants and shops. 101 access. Live the ultimate modern desert lifestyle at Optima McDowell Mountain

7230 E Mayo Boulevard Unit 2028, Scottsdale

$688,000
1 Beds 1 Baths 6964220 MLS 857 SqFt.
Now Selling: Optima McDowell Mountain, a new luxury condo community in North Scottsdale delivering Spring/Summer 2027. This 22-acre development offers 75% open space, six 8-story buildings, and a 10-acre central landscaped park with walking path and a putting green. One-, two- and three-bedroom homes range from ~729 to 2,218 SF. Interiors feature floor-to-ceiling windows, designer kitchens with JennAir or Wolf/Sub-Zero appliances, and private terraces, lush vertical gardens. Amenities include a rooftop pool, spa & cold plunge, rooftop track, fitness center, yoga & Pilates studios, pickleball, golf simulator, party room, pet spa, and more. Walk to Whole Foods, Buck & Rider, and restaurants and shops. 101 access. Live the ultimate modern desert lifestyle at Optima McDowell Mountain

7230 E Mayo Boulevard Unit 4007, Scottsdale

$649,999
4 Beds 4 Baths 6962541 MLS 2,000 SqFt.
HUGE PRICE REDUCTION! Stunning and fully remodeled 4 bedroom (w/dual primary suites), 3.5 bath, 2-story home located just minutes from the heart of Old Town Scottsdale. This captivating 2,000sf residence offers the perfect blend of modern luxury and convenient living. Throughout the home, you will find opulent luxury plank flooring and exquisite new tile work in all bathrooms, complemented by new bathroom cabinets and fixtures. The kitchen showcases brand-new cabinets, island and sleek quartz countertops. Added conveniences include new water heater, keyless entry, high tech Samsung refrigerator, up to date lighting, interior doors and Samsung washer and dryer. Enjoy an active lifestyle moments away from dog parks, biking trails, Lake Chaparral and numerous restaurants. HURRY!!

8214 E Mcdonald Drive, Scottsdale

$680,000
1 Beds 1 Baths 6952860 MLS 729 SqFt.
Now Selling: Optima McDowell Mountain, a new luxury condo community in North Scottsdale delivering Spring/Summer 2027. This 22-acre development offers 75% open space, six 8-story buildings, and a 10-acre central landscaped park with walking path and a putting green. One-, two- and three-bedroom homes range from ~729 to 2,218 SF. Interiors feature floor-to-ceiling windows, designer kitchens with JennAir or Wolf/Sub-Zero appliances, and private terraces, lush vertical gardens. Amenities include a rooftop pool, spa & cold plunge, rooftop track, fitness center, yoga & Pilates studios, pickleball, golf simulator, party room, pet spa, and more. Walk to Whole Foods, Buck & Rider, and restaurants and shops. 101 access. Live the ultimate modern desert lifestyle at Optima McDowell Mountain

7230 E Mayo Boulevard Unit 5009, Scottsdale

$685,000
2 Beds 2 Baths 6952632 MLS 1,356 SqFt.
Experience resort-style living in this beautifully appointed, highly upgraded GOLF-FRONT condo, perfectly positioned on the 9th hole of the TPC Champions Golf Course. Ground-floor home, meticulously modernized, offers a great-room floor plan showcasing a stacked stone fireplace w/ dramatic dry bar featuring seeded glass cabinets & a built-in wine rack. Large kitchen overlooks golf & includes an eat-at counter, Blanco sink, R/O water, double-oven range, microwave, Bosch DW, 3 cm granite countertops, and a French-style fridge. Primary bedroom enjoys golf views. Designer upgraded ensuite bath has walk-in shower w/ built-in speaker, dual sinks & sit-down vanity. Custom closet. Guest BR w/ ensuite bath has air-jet tub. Custom cabinets in laundry. Epoxy floors in garage.15 SEER Trane HVAC 2023.

8245 E Bell Road Unit 123, Scottsdale

$550,000
1 Beds 1 Baths 6951267 MLS 729 SqFt.
Now Selling: Optima McDowell Mountain, a new luxury condo community in North Scottsdale delivering Spring/Summer 2027. This 22-acre development offers 75% open space, six 8-story buildings, and a 10-acre central landscaped park with walking path and a putting green. One-, two- and three-bedroom homes range from ~729 to 2,218 SF. Interiors feature floor-to-ceiling windows, designer kitchens with JennAir or Wolf/Sub-Zero appliances, and private terraces, lush vertical gardens. Amenities include a rooftop pool, spa & cold plunge, rooftop track, fitness center, yoga & Pilates studios, pickleball, golf simulator, party room, pet spa, and more. Walk to Whole Foods, Buck & Rider, and restaurants and shops. 101 access. Live the ultimate modern desert lifestyle at Optima McDowell Mountain

7230 E Mayo Boulevard Unit 2009, Scottsdale

$651,200
1 Beds 1 Baths 6951258 MLS 857 SqFt.
Now Selling: Optima McDowell Mountain, a new luxury condo community in North Scottsdale delivering Spring/Summer 2027. This 22-acre development offers 75% open space, six 8-story buildings, and a 10-acre central landscaped park with walking path and a putting green. One-, two- and three-bedroom homes range from ~729 to 2,218 SF. Interiors feature floor-to-ceiling windows, designer kitchens with JennAir or Wolf/Sub-Zero appliances, and private terraces, lush vertical gardens. Amenities include a rooftop pool, spa & cold plunge, rooftop track, fitness center, yoga & Pilates studios, pickleball, golf simulator, party room, pet spa, and more. Walk to Whole Foods, Buck & Rider, and restaurants and shops. 101 access. Live the ultimate modern desert lifestyle at Optima McDowell Mountain

7230 E Mayo Boulevard Unit 2007, Scottsdale

$599,000
1 Beds 1 Baths 6928766 MLS 729 SqFt.
Now Selling: Optima McDowell Mountain, a new luxury condo community in North Scottsdale delivering Spring/Summer 2027. This 22-acre development offers 75% open space, six 8-story buildings, and a 10-acre central landscaped park with walking path and a putting green. This courtyard facing 1 bed features south facing views w/large balcony. Interiors feature floor-to-ceiling windows, designer kitchens with JennAir or Wolf/Sub-Zero appliances, and private terraces with lush vertical gardens. Amenities include a rooftop pool, spa & cold plunge, rooftop track, fitness center, yoga & Pilates studios, pickleball, golf simulator, party room, pet spa, and more. Walk to nearby restaurants and shops. Easy 101 access. Live an ultimate modern desert lifestyle at Optima McDowell Mountain.

7230 E Mayo Boulevard Unit 3009, Scottsdale

$652,000
1 Beds 1 Baths 6922766 MLS 857 SqFt.
Fantastic East facing 1 bed/1bath home with lux interiors with a large primary suite and walk in closet. Optima McDowell Mountain, a new luxury condo community in North Scottsdale delivering Spring/Summer 2027. Set on 22 acres with 75% open space, it features six 8-story buildings and a 10-acre park with a walking path and putting green. One-, two-, and three-bedroom homes (729-2,218 SF) offer floor-to-ceiling windows, high-end appliances, and private terraces with vertical gardens. Enjoy resort-style amenities and walk to Whole Foods, Buck & Rider, shops, and more. Live the modern desert lifestyle. All descriptions, depictions, and renderings are provided solely for illustrative purposes and are subject to change and should not be relied upon to confirm applicable features. All sales are subject to receipt and acceptance of the ADRE Public Report. All information including pricing, building and floor plan design, features, amenities, standards, and options are subject to change without notice. Dimensions are approximate and may vary due in part to construction variances and tolerances. Outdoor area includes planter(s). Polaris Pacific ADRE # BR661757000. Polaris Pacific of Arizona, Inc ADRE# CO662390000. Optima Realty, Inc. ADRE# CO548458000. ©2025 Optima, Inc. All rights reserved.

7230 E Mayo Boulevard Unit 3007, Scottsdale

Copyright 2026 Arizona Regional Multiple Listing Service, All rights reserved. The data relating to real estate for sale on this website comes in part from the Arizona Regional Multiple Listing Service. All information deemed reliable but not guaranteed and should be independently verified. All properties are subject to prior sale, change or withdrawal. Neither listing broker(s) nor Arizona Regional Multiple Listing Service shall be responsible for any typographical errors, misinformation, misprints and shall be held totally harmless.